Renaissance - literally translated “rebirth” - the period of European history in which the rediscovery of classical Greek art, philosophy, and science led to renewed interest in an intense study of the world and the limitless potential of individual human beings.
Humanism - a philosophy which encompasses a wide range of ethical stances that attach importance to human dignity, concerns, and capabilities, particularly rationality.
Sfumato - Italian term meaning “smoke”, describing a very delicate gradation of light and shade in the modeling of figures; often ascribed to Leonardo da Vinci's work.
Reformation - a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.
Counter Reformation - a period of time beginning late in the 16th century in which the Catholic Church underwent a series of internal reforms in an attempt to halt the growing number of conversions from Catholicism to Protestantism.
Baroque - the historic period from about 1600 until 1750 when the baroque style of art, architecture, and music flourished in Europe.
Chiaroscuro - the use of bold contrasts of light and dark to achieve a sense of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects such as the human body in paint.
Rococo - a style of art popular among the 18th century French aristocracy stressing purely ornamental, light, casual, irregular design and frivolity.
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